Wilson \u0130lkelerinin \u00d6nemi Nedir?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/span>Wilson \u0130lkeleri Nedir?<\/span><\/h2>\nWilson Prensipleri, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bar\u0131\u015fa ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde, Woodrow Wilson’un d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in 8 Ocak 1918’de 14 Noktay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1917’de \u0130ttifak Devletleri ile \u0130tilaf Devletleri aras\u0131nda bir yorgunluk belirmi\u015ftir. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r devam sava\u015f iki taraf i\u00e7inde kesin bir zafer veya yenilgi i\u015fareti g\u00f6stermiyordu. Bu durum her iki taraf a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sava\u015f\u0131n sona ermesi i\u00e7in duyulan arzuyu giderek artt\u0131rmaktayd\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sava\u015f devam ettik\u00e7e insanlar\u0131n hayat \u015fartlar\u0131 da giderek zorla\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yorgunlu\u011fun ilk i\u015faretini Avusturya verdi. Avusturya sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan itibarenDo\u011fu cephesinde hep Rusya’n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fczerinde hissetmi\u015ftir. Bundan dolay\u0131 da tek ba\u015f\u0131na ona kar\u015f\u0131 gelemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, Almanya ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nden destek alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Almanya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da sava\u015f giderek a\u011f\u0131r hale gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Almanlar Do\u011fu cephesinde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 pahal\u0131ya mal oluyordu. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131rada Rusya’da hen\u00fcz ma\u011flup edilememi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\u0130lginizi \u00c7ekebilir: Montr\u00f6 Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Ve Bilinmesi Gerekenler<\/strong><\/a>\n
Bat\u0131 cephesinde durum her iki blok i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fmemekle birlikte, Alman kuvvetleri g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e g\u00fc\u00e7lerini eritmekteydi. ABD’de 4 Nisan 1917 tarihinden itibaren Almanya’ya sava\u015f ilan etmi\u015f bulunuyordu. Bu nedenle, Bat\u0131 cephesine askeri kuvvet g\u00f6ndermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bundan dolay\u0131, Avusturya ve Almanya 1917 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren bar\u0131\u015f giri\u015fimlerine ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ancak, bar\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde anla\u015fman\u0131n meydana gelmemesi \u00fczerine, olumlu bir sonu\u00e7 elde edilemedi.<\/p>\n
Bu arada, m\u00fcttefikler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da parlak de\u011fildi. Rusya’da meydana gelen Bol\u015fevik Devrimi sonucunda Rusya bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu arada, S\u0131rbistan’\u0131n ma\u011flubiyeti, \u0130talya’n\u0131n hezimeti ve Romanya’n\u0131n da yenilgisi. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardan dolay\u0131, m\u00fcttefikler i\u00e7inde tehlike \u00e7anlar\u0131 \u00e7almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
8 Ocak 1918 g\u00fcn\u00fc Woodrow Wilson’un haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ilkeler, her iki blo\u011fun bu sava\u015ftan zarar almadan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda da d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde bir daha b\u00f6yle bir sava\u015f\u0131n ya\u015fanmamas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Wilson \u0130lkeleri Maddeleri Nelerdir?<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
Wilson \u0130lkeleri \u0130ngilizcede \u201cOn D\u00f6rt Madde\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0anlam\u0131na gelen\u00a0Fourteen Points<\/strong> olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Woodrow Wilson taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan Wilson \u0130lkeleri\u2019ni maddeleri \u015fu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\n- Bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olarak herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilinerek haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bundan sonra devletler aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde gizli antla\u015fmalar<\/a> yap\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. <\/strong>Bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olarak herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilinerek haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
- Denizlerin uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler gere\u011fince kapat\u0131labilecek. Sava\u015fta ve bar\u0131\u015fta karasular\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn <\/span>denizlerde mutlak serbestlik<\/span> sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Bar\u0131\u015f isteyen devletler aralar\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar ekonomik engelleri kald\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ticari bak\u0131mdan e\u015fitlik sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
- Silahlanman\u0131n i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan garantilerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak verilmesi.<\/li>\n
- S\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerle<\/a><\/strong> ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin geni\u015f ve kesin olarak tarafs\u0131z bir anlay\u0131\u015fla \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7inde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131larak bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ba\u011flanmas\u0131. Bu t\u00fcr egemenlik sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde s\u00f6z konusu halklar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla egemenli\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan devletin e\u015fitli\u011fi sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
- Rus topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bir engele u\u011framadan, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7inde ulusal d\u00fczenini kurmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fbirli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131.<\/li>\n
- Bel\u00e7ika’n\u0131n bo\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Bel\u00e7ika’ya tam ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z egemenli\u011finin geri verilmesi.<\/li>\n
- \u0130\u015fgal edilen Frans\u0131z topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131. Alsace-Lorraine konusunda Prusya’n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatay\u0131 d\u00fczeltmesi suretiyle bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/li>\n
- \u0130talyan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n milliyet prensiplerine g\u00f6re yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesi.<\/li>\n
- Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu halklar\u0131na muhtar geli\u015fme imkan\u0131 verilmesi.<\/li>\n
- Romanya, S\u0131rbistan ve Karada\u011f topraklar\u0131 bo\u015falt\u0131lmal\u0131 ve onar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131rbistan’a deniz \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f sa\u011flanmal\u0131. Balkan devletlerinin ili\u015fkileri milliyetler prensibine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmelidir.<\/li>\n
- Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun T\u00fcrk k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n egemenli\u011fi sa\u011flanmal\u0131. Fakat T\u00fcrk olmayan milletlere geli\u015fme imkanlar\u0131 verilmeli. \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 teminatlar alt\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn devletlerin gemilerine a\u00e7\u0131k olmal\u0131.<\/li>\n
- Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir Polonya<\/strong> devleti kurulmal\u0131. Polonya’n\u0131n denize serbest ve g\u00fcvenli sefer imkan\u0131 verilmeli. Siyasal ve ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131.<\/li>\n
- B\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00fct\u00fcn devletlerin siyasal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcvence sa\u011flamal\u0131. \u00d6zel s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerle b\u00fct\u00fcn uluslar\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan bir milletler te\u015fkilat\u0131 kurulmal\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
<\/a><\/p>\n
<\/span>Wilson \u0130lkelerinin Amac\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\nWilson \u0130lkeleri\u2019nin de kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ama\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ve daha \u00e7ok ABD \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na hizmet etmektedir. Bu y\u00fczden, Bu ilkeler Amerika’da \u00e7ok fazla be\u011feni alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Woodrow Wilson taraf\u0131ndan tam olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmasa bile di\u011fer \u00fclkeler bu ilkelerin baz\u0131 \u201cgizli\u201d<\/strong> ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk olarak, Wilson ilkeleri devletler aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f\u0131 bitirmeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci olarak, sava\u015ftan sonra\u00a0 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n belirlenmesi ve ili\u015fkilerin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi istenmi\u015ftir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ve \u00f6nemlisi, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alan <\/span>Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/a> <\/strong>\u00fclkelere a\u00e7l\u0131k, yoksulluk ve \u00f6l\u00fcm getirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ok a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furan bu sava\u015f\u0131n olumsuzluklar\u0131 engellemeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t
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<\/span>Wilson \u0130lkeleri k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in bar\u0131\u015f getirmi\u015fse de, uluslararas\u0131 alanda devletlerin birbiriyle olan sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zebilme konusunda yetersiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sona ermesinden sonra T\u00fcrk milleti, \u00fclkesine yap\u0131lan i\u015fgallere kar\u015f\u0131 kendi vatan\u0131n\u0131 ve milletini savunmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\nWilson Prensipleri, sava\u015f\u0131n \u00f6ncesine kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan uluslararas\u0131 kuvvet dengesi ilkesine son vermi\u015ftir. Bunun yerine “Milletler Cemiyeti”<\/strong> ile anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi yoluna gidilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Milliyet ilkesi az da olsa kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avusturya\u2019n\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu T\u00fcrk olan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\n\n
\n
Wilson \u0130lkeleri ma\u011flup olanlar\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak amac\u0131nda olsa da, galip olan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeterek s\u00f6zde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde, Woodrow Wilson\u2019un\u00a0bu ilkelerine \u00e7ok az \u00f6nem verilecek ve bu durumda onun i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/a><\/p>\n
<\/span>Wilson \u0130lkelerinin \u00d6nemi Nedir?<\/span><\/h2>\n
Woodrow Wilson, 14 Noktay\u0131 bir M\u00fcttefik Zaferi olarak de\u011fil, her iki taraf\u0131n anla\u015fmas\u0131na dayanan bir bar\u0131\u015f olarak haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131, Wilson’un \u00f6ncelik verdi\u011fi baz\u0131 temel konular bulunmaktayd\u0131. \u0130lk olarak, milletleraras\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f te\u015fkilat\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 geliyordu. \u0130kincisi, toprak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n milliyetler ilkesine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmesiydi.<\/p>\n\u0130lginizi \u00c7ekebilir: Monroe Doktrini Hakk\u0131nda Bilmeniz Gereken Her\u015fey<\/strong><\/a>\n
Avrupa’da bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n bozulmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebini Wilson, bu ilkenin uygulanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak denizlerin serbestli\u011fi, en \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmi\u015ftir. Bu durum, Amerika\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnya ile olan ticaretini ilgilendiriyordu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda sava\u015fa girmesinin nedeni de, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n bu ilkeyi ihlal etmesi olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t
<\/span>Yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131m Kaynaklar<\/strong>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n- Wilson \u0130lkeleri – Vikipedi<\/a><\/li>\n
- 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Siyasi Tarihi (1914-1995) – Fahir Armao\u011flu<\/li>\n
- T\u00fcrk \u0130nkilap Tarihi – 1914-1918 Genel Sava\u015f\u0131 – Cilt III. K\u0131s\u0131m IV – Sava\u015f\u0131n Sonu – Yusuf Hikmet Bayur<\/li>\n
- \u0130kinci Me\u015frutiyet ve Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 (1908-19018) – Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi – IX. Cilt – Enver Ziya Karal<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Wilson \u0130lkeleri,\u00a0Wilson Prensipleri,\u00a0On D\u00f6rt Madde\u00a0ya da\u00a0On D\u00f6rt Nokta olarak da bilinir. Ba\u015fkan Woodrow Wilson\u2019\u0131n 8 Ocak 1918 g\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0ABD Kongresi\u2019nde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkelerdir. ABD’nin, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ifade eder. \u0130çindekiler Wilson \u0130lkeleri Nedir?Wilson \u0130lkeleri Maddeleri Nelerdir?Wilson \u0130lkelerinin Amac\u0131Wilson \u0130lkelerinin \u00d6nemi Nedir? Wilson \u0130lkeleri Nedir? Wilson Prensipleri, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5450,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/derliyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5431"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/derliyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/derliyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/derliyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/derliyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5431"}],"version-history":[{"count":38,"href":"https:\/\/derliyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5431\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5474,"href":"https:\/\/derliyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5431\/revisions\/5474"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/derliyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/derliyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/derliyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/derliyo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}